Ralph as a Leader in Lord of the Flies by William Golding...

In the famous novel named â€Å"Lord of the flies†, there are four main characters that William Golding built up to represent the typical personalities in human nature. While Jack stands for the powerfully instinct savagery, Simon represents the natural kindness and Piggy with his glasses is the symbol of wisdom, Ralph has the best conducts of a real leader as he was initially voted for chief. There are three main characteristics that mark him out as a felicitous leader: rational, moral and unflinching. First of all, the most important trait that makes Ralph the best leader is his rational mind. I personally think that a leader should be a respectable and organized person. Ralph demonstrates his leading ability very well by the way he treats†¦show more content†¦Ralph specially cared about keeping the fire burning as a distress signal since he believed there’s no better way to help them be rescued. â€Å"The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued except by luck, if we don’t keep the fire going?† (80). Ralph common sense to determine what is best for the group as a whole further demonstrates his superior leadership skills. He insisted on keeping the fire and exasperated when the boys ignored their mission. Ralph is not easily distracted person like the other boys, especially Jack when he tried to hunt the wild pig and let the fire out. Secondly, Ralph is not only a rational leader but also a moral person, who cleverly keeps the fairness in his group. â€Å"Ralph, looking more understanding at Piggy, saw that he was hurt and crushed. He hovered between the two courses of apology or further insult ‘Better Piggy than Fatty† (25). Ralph is sincere and considerate for other people. He apparently understand their feeling and particularly shows his sympathy for Piggy. Ralph is sensible enough to realize that everyone deserves to be respected. He believes no one should have to put up with being tormented. Ralph gently gains others’ support by treating them equally, showing his compassion and ability to empathize with them. Opposite to Ralph, Jack is immoral, violent and condescending. â€Å"He’s going to beat Wilfred† (159). He does not care or understand the natural equality ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1389 Words   |  6 PagesA response to Lord Of The Flies Imagine an airplane crash. The heat of flames scorch passengers’ backs in addition to the wind burning their faces. Lucky, this crash was over water and near an island so most passengers survive, with an exception of the airplane staff and the pilot. Even though alive, many are in fits of fear and panic, and others are in shock. After hurried deliberation, a lone member of the group is elected leader in hopes that they will calm the panic, and make the hard, but necessaryRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1200 Words   |  5 Pagessavagery that lies within. In the book Lord of the Flies a British plane crashes on a deserted island in the middle of nowhere. The only survivors are a group of boys, and without any adults, the kids are left to fend and govern for themselves. Throughout the rest of the book, groups start to form and fight against each other. When the two groups fight for authority against each other things start to get out of hand. The two leaders for each group is Ralph, and Jack. At first the two work togetherRead MoreLord of The Flies Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies was published in 1954 by William Golding. Today Lord of the Flies is a well known literary criticism. Many schools require their students to read Lord of the Flies because of the literary criticisms in the book. In this paper three themes or literary criticisms are talked about: good vs. evil, symbolism of characters, and maturity of characters. Another topic in Goldings Lord of the Flies is the battle of good vs. evil. Everything seems to start out just fine on the island; theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies 1299 Words   |  6 PagesKanak Garg Mr. Fraser English 10 Honors, Period 6 19 December 2014 Savagery in Civilization: Symbolism in Lord of the Flies Symbolism as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the use of symbols to express or represent ideas or qualities in literature, art, etc.† (â€Å"Symbolism†). For this reason, symbolism is utilized in literature in order to make novels more interesting and convey notions that are usually either highly controversial or extremely philosophical. For example in the popularRead MoreLord Of The Flies : Representation Of Violence And War1611 Words   |  7 PagesLord Of The Flies: Representation Of Violence and War Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German theologian, states that â€Å" The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.† In William Golding’s Lord Of The Flies, societal topics run rampant throughout the text with Golding’s use of individuals to represent different aspects of society. Many writers view the Lord Of The Flies as an allegory, as societal topics such as politics make appearances throughout the text. InRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peac e and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies Essay â€Å"Maybe there is a beast†¦ maybe its only us.†(Golding [Page 50]) The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is a novel that goes much deeper than a group of 12 year old boys stranded on an island. Throughout the book Golding portrays symbols and constant themes which show how he feels about the human race; that there is an inner beast inside everyone and no matter who you are, it will eventually get exposed. Golding also shows symbols throughout the book which represent theRead MoreLord of the Flies1669 Words   |  7 PagesLord Of The Flies Summary [pic] |Lord Of The Flies Summary - The Island | |Lord of the Flies is set during World War 2 on a tropical island in the Coral Sea. A group of boys survive a plane crash and are| |left stranded on a deserted island with no adults. At first the boys cling to the principles and laws they were taught during | |their upbringing. They call a meeting where they establish rules,Read MoreHuman Nature In Lord Of The Flies Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking, feeling, and acting, which humans tend to have naturally. William Golding’s book. â€Å"Lord of the flies† is an excellent novel that describes how humans, when put in a rough environment, react to power they are given. The title of the book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† refers to the Boars head idol that was surrounded by flies was later created by the boy. The title also represents the fall of the boy’s civilization. The reason William Golding used this title was because of his experiences from the navy inRead MoreThe Human Tendency Towards War Exemplified in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies695 Words   |  3 Pagesa good leader, everything will turn into chaos. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies rightly gives examples on Hobbes’ viewpoint. Throughout the story, it shows the process in which the boys slowly loses their civilized self and turn into savages, how the boys would do anything just for survival or just purely entertainment. William Golding shows the innate evilness within humans by employing religious allegory as by using events, characters, and settings that relates to the Bible. Golding utilizes

What Determines The Perception Of Tattoos - 1443 Words

What determines the perception of tattoos? University of Hawaii at Manoa Cole Dante Introduction College students walk amongst each other every day, eyes wandering and constantly comparing each other. Comparing the physical appearances, attire, and how they carry themselves. A main trend that has become popular over the years are tattoos. Tattoos have long been viewed as a part of the deviant culture but that perspective has been evolving where many perspectives are emerging regarding to the subject. For example, some may say that tattoos have been becoming a social norm, becoming a very normal day to day thing to see. Of course many still hold traditional beliefs that tattoos are deviant and that no good comes†¦show more content†¦The stigma associated with tattoos are often viewed as deviant and frowned upon by people with long held religious beliefs. â€Å"Persons who have tattoos remain stigmatized as deviant people, and commonly are stereotyped as having poor decision-making skills, rarely attending church, easily swayed by peer-pressure, having had unhappy childhoods, Getting tattooed while intoxicated, and as poor students and rebellious† (Armstrong, 1994, Braverman, 2012 and Roberts and Ryan, 2002). Some people with tattoos are well aware of the stigma with tattoos. King, Vidourek, Madfis, and Arford (2013) further mentions that older respondents report more experiences with stigma victimization and perceive greater stigma associated with tattoos because historically, tattooing is characterized as a deviant and negative expression. Perhaps the reasoning behind the negativity towards tattoos is because of the long relationship tattoos have had with prisoners. For example, Hanies and Huffman (1958) determined that 35% of inmates obtained tattoos. Stigma towards tattoos may have also caused harm towards the people being stigmatized. â€Å"We find that Beliefs about the Negative Side Effects of Tattoos is positively related to Stigma against Tattooed Persons† (Dickson, Lynda, Dukes,Show MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Tattoos1473 Wor ds   |  6 Pages Tattoos have been practised for many generations across the entire globe. We, in the Western culture, have adopted tattoos as a way to express ourselves artistically and it is quite common to possess one nowadays. As popular as tattoos have become in our western society, there are still repercussions when participating in this body modification venture. It is typical for adolescents to partake in receiving visible markings as a way to revolt against their parents or authority overall. JuvenilesRead MoreWhy People Have Tattoos, From An Ipa Perspective2906 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract The research aims to look at why people have tattoos, from an IPA perspective. Social influences, perceptions and motivations behind the art of tattooing will hold prevalence within the data. A considerable amount of data already exist on the motivations, perceptions and social influences into the art of tattooing, this research merely exists to expand on this. Although it would appear tattooing is prevalent among the young and middle class women, and generally becoming accepted within societyRead MoreGender Is Defined As A System Of Social, Symbolic, And Psychic Relations Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesLouisiana and when the English encountered the Algonquians in the tidewater regions of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, both Europeans and Native Americans used their preconceived notions of gender to determine their appearance, their political actions, and their roles and responsibilities within their community. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the Spanish sought to establish permanent settlements along the modern-day Texas andRead MoreTodd Willingham s Conviction Process1209 Words   |  5 Pagesprosecution relied too much on eyewitness. The criminal justice system had many flaws when it came down to Willinghams prosecution and I blame the people involved in the system. After the tragic fire, two fire investigators arrived at the scene to determine what caused the blaze. The investigation was considered very professional, since they did have the right kind of professionals and experts at the moment. One of the investigators was named Douglas Fogg, he was at the time considered as an arson investigatorRead MorePerception, Diversity, Attribution And Attitudes1095 Words   |  5 Pages Writing Assignment II Perception, Diversity, Attribution and Attitudes Stefanie M. Young FSW State College Social Perception is the process that allows us to interpret and understand our surroundings. (Overgaard, S., Krueger, J. p. 395) Perception has a four-stage process: comprehension, encoding, storage, and response. With the first stage, we become aware of a situation or a person around us. The second step we take that new raw information and process it. Third stage, it isRead MoreThe Overlooked Art : Tattoos A Social Issue1931 Words   |  8 Pages The Overlooked Art: Tattoos a Social Issue When you think of social issues there are many that come to mind ,but there is one that though it effects many is overlooked. That issue is the acceptance of tattoos into our main stream culture. Tattoos actually have a very long history in our culture but in the past, was concentrated in small out of the way pockets of society like the military and criminals. This has slowly started to change and tattoos have started to make their way into the commonplaceRead MoreTattoos And Pop Culture1923 Words   |  8 Pagesacceptance of tattoos into our main stream culture. Tattoos actually have a very long history in our culture, but in the past, was concentrated in small out of the way pockets of society like the military and criminals. This has slowly started to change and tattoos have started to make their way into the commonplace. This transition into an age of acceptance is not only moral move, but a logical one, this claim can be justified with the with deep traditional roots and pers onal experience that tattoos holdRead MoreEssay on Amnesia in Memento Directed by Christopher Nash1081 Words   |  5 Pagesseeing his wife, die. He then devotes his life to finding and killing the second attacker. However, Leonard, being unable to store and remember new memories, develops a technique to help him recall what has already happened in his life post head trauma. He does this by using hand-written notes, tattoos, and Polaroid pictures, with notes and indications on them as well. In this millennium released film, director and screenwriter, Christopher Nolan, uses classic neo-noir thematic and stylistic devicesRead MoreBefore Taking A Medical Oath, Every Nursing Trainee Should1026 Words   |  5 Pagesprofession. The nurses have a duty to address the negativity surrounding the noble profession. Negativity interferes with the proper delivery of healthcare. Image presentation which may be through the dressing style, piercings and tattoos portray a very compelling percepti on in the patient’s eyes. In the modern times, more male earn their way in the nursing profession to become reputable and successful practitioners. Community participation, critical thinking, teamwork, and communication are the aspectsRead MoreFashion Is More Than Clothing1992 Words   |  8 Pages(Ebin, 1979) ‘Fashion is more than clothing’ (Kratz and Reimer, 1998:194). Fashion is the main tool to express someone’s identity and to categorize who we are. Individuals constantly use fashion and other adornment to control the way they look and determine their appearance. In addition to fashion, people modify their style through other visual elements such as hairstyle, make up and jewellery (A. Bennett, 2005). There are groups in society that tend to express themselves in more extreme ways than

Generational conflicts Presentation Free Essays

What do our companies do to deal with generational differences? 3. How important is it for organizations to have training and programs on generational conflicts? 4. Please share your experience about generational conflicts in the workplace that you have encountered in the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Generational conflicts Presentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now How did you deal with it? Summarizing group discussions – Baby boomers – Seers – Years Adviser 1: Ron Also – a freelance writer, editor, and consultant, and a former reporter and editor for the Wall Street Journal. Bosses have to get used to spending more time with their young workers. The investment should pay off in improved morale, productivity, teamwork, and innovation. While Josh might prefer text messaging and e-mail, it is critical that he and Sarah meet face-to-face for more substantive conversations about workplace attitudes and expectations. Managers like Sarah also are finding that they need to show respect for Gene Years and encourage them even if they can’t give Gene Years what they want as fast as they want it. Advisor 2: Pamela Nicholson – president and COO of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, based in SST. Louis. As a large employer of college graduates, Enterprise has taken steps to address these kinds of issues, in two important ways: training and feedback. Advisor 3: Jim Miller – the executive vice president of sales and marketing at General Tool Supply, a distributor based in Portland, Oregon. To work better together, Sarah and Josh both need to recalibrate their expectations. Sarah needs to take extra time to validate Josh’s ideas and help him understand what it means to be a team player. For so many Years entering the workforce, the attitude is â€Å"I’ll be a full-time freelancer, and work will be fun, fun, fun. Sarah needs to counteract that by being completely transparent with Josh about the level of performance required (a new idea needs to be fully researched) and the level of communication required (formal presentations rather than hallway chats). For his part, Josh needs to figure out how to pitch his good ideas through established channels, within the established team framework. If he really needs to be a maverick, he can go off and start his own company, where he can follow his own business rules. Or, he can go to a different firm that has a maverick culture. Solutions to close the generation gap – Communicating information in multiple ways (oral and written, formal and informal) to address different generations’ learning styles – Collaborative decision making (co-creation) – Training managers to handle generational differences – Recognizing that all generations want to be treated with respect (source: ASCII 2013) Wrap up – represented of each generation will say what they would do to deal with conflicts and improve performance Thank you for your active and constructive participation! How to cite Generational conflicts Presentation, Papers

Sejanus, His fall A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay Example For Students

Sejanus, His fall A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Sejanus, His Fall (1603). SEJANUS: What excellent fools Religion makes of men! Believes Terentius, If these were dangersas I shame to think them The gods could change the certain course of fate? Or, if they could, they would now, in a moment, For a beefs fat, or less, be bribed t invert Those long decrees? Then think the gods, like flies, Are to be taken with the steam of flesh, Or blood, diffused about their altars; think Their power as cheap as I esteem it small. Of all the throng that fill th Olympian hall, And, without pity, lade poor Atlas back, I know not that one deity, but Fortune, To whom I would throw up, in begging smoke, One grain of incense; or whose ear Id buy With thus much oil. Her I indeed adore; And keep her grateful image in my house, Sometimes belonging to a Roman king, But now called mine, as by the better style. To her I care not if, for satisfying Your scrupulous fancies, I go offer. Bid Our priest prepare us honey, milk, and poppy, His masculine odours, and night-vestments. Say Our rites are instant, which performed, youll see How vain, and worthy laughter, your fears be.

The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students

The Revolutionary War Essay Causes of the Revolutionary WarThe haphazard and disorganized British rule of the American colonies in the decade prior to the outbreak led to the Revolutionary War. The mismanagement of the colonies, the taxation policies that violated the colonist rights, the distractions of foreign wars and politics in England and mercantilist policies that benefited the English to a much greater degree then the colonists all show the British incompetence in their rule over the colonies. The policies and distractions were some of the causes of the Revolutionary War. The interests of England within the colonies were self-centered. The English were trying to govern the colonies by using the mercantilist system. Mercantilism is when the state directs all the economic activities within its borders (Blum). England was not attempting to make any changes that would help the colonists. They limited the colonies commerce to internal trade only (Miller 9). The English were exploiting the colonies by demanding that the colonies import more from England then they exported to the colonies. They were importing raw materials from the colonies and making them into exportable goods in England. They would then ship these goods to foreign market all around the world including the colonists (America Online). Throughout the seventeenth century the English saw America as a place to get materials they didnt have at home and a market to sell finished products after the goods had been manufactured. This was detrimental to the colonies because it prevented them from manu facturing any of the raw materials they produced, and made them more dependent upon England. We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In addition to the unrest caused by their mercantilist policies, domestic political issues distracted them from the activities of the colonies. Throughout the sixteen hundreds, Great Britain was more involved in solving the Constitutional issue of who was to have more power in English government, the king or parliament. When this complex issue was finally resolved in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, England turned its attention back to the colonies and found that colonists had developed their own identity as Americans. There was no central office in England to control what was happening in the colonies. The executive authority in England was divided among several ministers and commissioners that did not act quickly or in unison. Also, the Board of Trade, the body in England, did not have the power to make decisions or to enforce decrees. Due to the distractions from the complex constitutional issues and ineffective governmental organization, the colonists felt further separated from England (Blum 51). The political scene in England was laced with corruption. Officers of the government sent to the colonies were often bribe-taking politicians that were not smart enough to hold government positions in England. After Grenville and Townshend, the most incompetent was Lord North, who became Prime Minister in 1770 after the death of Charles Townshend. North was the kind of politician George had been looking for, a plodding, dogged, industrious man, neither a fool nor a genius, much like the king himself. For the next twelve years, despite the opposition of abler men, he remained at the head of the government (Blum 104). Corruption and incompetence among governing politicians often made their rule over the colonies ineffective. In the years leading up to the final decade before the American Revolution, the relationship between Great Britain and her colonies in North America continued to deteriorate. Relations began to worsen with the great victory over the French and Indians in the Seven Years War. Unwelcome British troops had remained in the colonies. Debts from this war caused the Prime Minister at the time, Lord Grenville, to debt that had doubled since 1754 (Blum 95). England passed many Acts that were ill conceived and had long-term effects on the relationship between England and the colonies. The most controversial of these were direct taxes. The last time Parliament had tried a direct tax was as recent as 1765, when Lord Grenville enacted the Stamp Act which forced the colonists to pay or stamps on printed documents (Higginbotham 34). The Americans felt the taxes of Lord Grenville were a deliberate aim to disinherit the colonists by denying them the rights of the English (Blum 96). The first of these acts were The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay The Revolutionary War Essay was an enormous part of American history. The revolution in Russia, that sparked the overthrow of communism, was a huge part of Russian history. The revolution of Christianity from the concepts of Greek gods was also a large part of religious history. Christianity and Greek gods have many comparisons, contrasts, and these contrasts resulted in Christianity being revolutionary. The concepts of Christianity and the religious concepts of the Greek gods are comparatively alike. To begin, in both religions, humans believe that there are speakers for their God/gods. Gods do not speak to mere mortals. These people are the priests who teach of the gods ways and wants. Some are fortune tellers or prophets, as they were called in Greek times, that foretell the future. For example, Tiriesias, in the plays Oedipus the King and Antigone, was a blind prophet who could see the future and foretell it to people. In Greek times the prophets were of high social status. We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also, the people believe that their God or gods are above all human ranks. They believe a god is above all and listens to people when they need help. This is why humans pray to the God/gods for forgiveness. The two religious views also believe that the God/gods are watching over their followers. The God/gods decide either before or after a persons life on earth where the person will live in the afterlife, depending on the persons values. Both believe one would either go to a bad place, called Hell or Hades, or a good place, called heaven or the Elysian Fields. Likewise both believe in an afterlife that is eternally chosen. The ideas of the followers of Christianity and Greek religions are also very different. To begin, Christians believe in one almighty God. This is also known as monotheism. Christians believe this God gave the world his only son. When that son was put to death by a human, He told the people He would die to forgive their sins. This shows that God and His son were both caring and forgiving beings. They are respected by the followers of Christianity. God helps humans. Humans pray to this God for help and forgiveness. People also go to church to learn about their religion and to pay their respects to God. The church is thought to be Gods house. This is why people get dressed up and try to look nice when they are guests in Gods house. God and Jesus are thought to live in heaven. Greeks, however, are very different from Christians. They believe in many gods. This is also known as polytheism. These gods are mean and torture the humans for doing wrong. In the play Antigone, the leader speaks, Must, King and quickly too. The gods, provoked, never wait to mow men down.1 This quote proves how quick tempered the gods are. These same gods destine a humans fate. Fate is also determined usually by a family curse. As in Antigone, the Greek tragedy, Antigone states, What more do you think could Zeus require of us to load the curse thats on the House of Oedipus?2 This quote shows how Zeus, a Greek god, has determined Antigones fate by the curse that has been placed on her family. A humans fate is foretold and is kept by the oracles. Oedipus oracle states that he would kill his father and marry his mother. This oracle comes true even though many people of the city of Thebes do not know that Oedipus is Jocasta and Liaus son because they ordered their son to be put to death. People of Greek times do not attend church; they are told of their futures by prophets or by other family members. They do, however, also try to please the gods so that they are not punished. The Greek gods are thought to live above the Greek citizens on a mountain named Olympus. .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .postImageUrl , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:hover , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:visited , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:active { border:0!important; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:active , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kingdom By The Sea Essay Christianity was considered revolutionary by many. Revolutionary is defined as: having the nature of, characterized by, tending toward, and causing a revolution, or drastic change.3 Christianity was a major change in beliefs causing many to think it was wrong. The evolution of Christianity was hampered by the beliefs of the people and their familiarity with the ways of the Greeks. This was such a giant change, many did not like it. Thus, although Christianity may seem similar to the concepts of the Greek gods it has many distinct differences. These differences explain why Christianity can be considered revolutionary. . The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay Causes of The Revolutionary War Essay The haphazard and disorganized British rule of the American colonies in the decade prior to the outbreak led to the Revolutionary War. The mismanagement of the colonies, the taxation policies that violated the colonist rights, the distractions of foreign wars and politics in England and mercantilist policies that benefited the English to a much greater degree then the colonists all show the British incompetence in their rule over the colonies. The policies and distractions were some of the causes of the Revolutionary War. The interests of England within the colonies were self-centered. The English were trying to govern the colonies by using the mercantilist system. Mercantilism is when the state directs all the economic activities within its borders (Blum). England was not attempting to make any changes that would help the colonists. They limited the colonies commerce to internal trade only (Miller 9). The English were exploiting the colonies by demanding that the colonies import more from England then they exported to the colonies. They were importing raw materials from the colonies and making them into exportable goods in England. They would then ship these goods to foreign market all around the world including the colonists (America Online). We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout the seventeenth century the English saw America as a place to get materials they didnt have at home and a market to sell finished products after the goods had been manufactured. This was detrimental to the colonies because it prevented them from manufacturing any of the raw materials they produced, and made them more dependent upon England. In addition to the unrest caused by their mercantilist policies, domestic political issues distracted them from the activities of the colonies. Throughout the sixteen hundreds, Great Britain was more involved in solving the Constitutional issue of who was to have more power in English government, the king or parliament. When this complex issue was finally resolved in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, England turned its attention back to the colonies and found that colonists had developed their own identity as Americans. There was no central office in England to control what was happening in the colonies. The executive authority in England was divided among several ministers and commissioners that did not act quickly or in unison. Also, the Board of Trade, the body in England, did not have the power to make decisions or to enforce decrees. Due to the distractions from the complex constitutional issues and ineffective governmental organization, the colonists felt further separated from England (Blum 51). The political scene in England was laced with corruption. Officers of the government sent to the colonies were often bribe-taking politicians that were not smart enough to hold government positions in England. After Grenville and Townshend, the most incompetent was Lord North, who became Prime Minister in 1770 after the death of Charles Townshend. North was the kind of politician George had been looking for, a plodding, dogged, industrious man, neither a fool nor a genius, much like the king himself. For the next twelve years, despite the opposition of abler men, he remained at the head of the government (Blum 104). Corruption and incompetence among governing politicians often made their rule over the colonies ineffective. In the years leading up to the final decade before the American Revolution, the relationship between Great Britain and her colonies in North America continued to deteriorate. Relations began to worsen with the great victory over the French and Indians in the Seven Years War. Unwelcome British troops had remained in the colonies. .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 , .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .postImageUrl , .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 , .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:hover , .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:visited , .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:active { border:0!important; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:active , .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740 .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84240493e4838f104afc77e691965740:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Odysseus (1256 words) Essay Debts from this war caused the Prime Minister at the time, Lord Grenville, to debt that had doubled since 1754 (Blum 95). England passed many Acts that were ill conceived and had long-term effects on the relationship between England and the colonies. The most controversial of these were direct taxes. The last time Parliament had tried a direct tax was as recent as 1765, when Lord Grenville enacted the Stamp Act which forced the colonists to pay or stamps on printed documents (Higginbotham 34). The Americans felt the taxes of Lord Grenville were a deliberate aim to disinherit the colonists by denying them the rights of the English (Blum 96). The first of these acts were . The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay Bay Academy Class- 813 February 8, 2003 DBQ essay Topic: Tell about the actions of the colonists in the New York State before and during The Revolutionary War Essay. We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Revolutionary war started in April 18, 1775. Someone had spotted the British crossing the Charles River trying to get to Concord. Paul Revere spread the word of the British arrival. The British are coming, when the Minutemen found out they were quick to prepare for an attack. The battle in Lexington and Concord was the beginning of the Revolutionary War. There were many causes of the Revolutionary War. One of the main causes was the Stamp Act and the Quartering Act. The stamp act made colonists pay taxes on items like newspapers, documents and playing cards because all these items had stamps. The Quartering Act asked for the colonists to give supplies food and a home for a few nights for the British soldiers. Many of the colonists didnt like these Acts. After the Stamp Act was passed the colonists began to make riots. Delegates from nine colonies met in New York City to prepare a statement. This statement claimed that the Parliament couldnt have these acts anymore because there were no representatives from other colonies in the British Parliament. Not all colonists from New York wanted to separate from Great Britain. There were two kids of people during the Revolutionary War. There were the loyalists and there were the Patriots. Those who did not want to support independence from Great Britain were called Loyalists because they were loyal to the king. Those who wanted independence were the Patriots. Samuel Seabury was an Anglican minister in New York. The British government is the best scheme of government, Mr. Seabury was a loyalist; he supported the government and its ideas. The Declaration of Independence was first read to George Washingtons army on July 9, 1776 in New York City. On the southern side of Manhattan there was a statue of King George III. When New York found out that Washington and his men had heard the big news they got really excited. The Declaration of Independence stated that the colonies would be free and independent. The colonists were so happy that they went to Bowling Green where the statue stood, they took the statue and made bullets out of it to fight the British. The Revolutionary War ended with an American victory. It was not just an American, but it was a patriotic victory. The U.S. was now an independent country. The British had surrendered to the Americans during the Battle of Yorktown. General Cornwallis was the leader of the British troops; he surrendered on October 19, 1781. . The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay The Revolutionary War Essay was an enormous part of American history. The revolution in Russia, that sparked the overthrow of communism, was a huge part of Russian history. The revolution of Christianity from the concepts of Greek gods was also a large part of religious history. Christianity and Greek gods have many comparisons, contrasts, and these contrasts resulted in Christianity being revolutionary. The concepts of Christianity and the religious concepts of the Greek gods are comparatively alike. To begin, in both religions, humans believe that there are speakers for their God/gods. Gods do not speak to mere mortals. These people are the priests who teach of the gods ways and wants. Some are fortune tellers or prophets, as they were called in Greek times, that foretell the future. For example, Tiriesias, in the plays Oedipus the King and Antigone, was a blind prophet who could see the future and foretell it to people. In Greek times the prophets were of high social status. We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also, the people believe that their God or gods are above all human ranks. They believe a god is above all and listens to people when they need help. This is why humans pray to the God/gods for forgiveness. The two religious views also believe that the God/gods are watching over their followers. The God/gods decide either before or after a persons life on earth where the person will live in the afterlife, depending on the persons values. Both believe one would either go to a bad place, called Hell or Hades, or a good place, called heaven or the Elysian Fields. Likewise both believe in an afterlife that is eternally chosen. The ideas of the followers of Christianity and Greek religions are also very different. To begin, Christians believe in one almighty God. This is also known as monotheism. Christians believe this God gave the world his only son. When that son was put to death by a human, He told the people He would die to forgive their sins. This shows that God and His son were both caring and forgiving beings. They are respected by the followers of Christianity. God helps humans. Humans pray to this God for help and forgiveness. People also go to church to learn about their religion and to pay their respects to God. The church is thought to be Gods house. This is why people get dressed up and try to look nice when they are guests in Gods house. God and Jesus are thought to live in heaven. Greeks, however, are very different from Christians. They believe in many gods. This is also known as polytheism. These gods are mean and torture the humans for doing wrong. In the play Antigone, the leader speaks, Must, King and quickly too. The gods, provoked, never wait to mow men down.1 This quote proves how quick tempered the gods are. These same gods destine a humans fate. Fate is also determined usually by a family curse. As in Antigone, the Greek tragedy, Antigone states, What more do you think could Zeus require of us to load the curse thats on the House of Oedipus?2 This quote shows how Zeus, a Greek god, has determined Antigones fate by the curse that has been placed on her family. A human;s fate is foretold and is kept by the oracles. Oedipus; oracle states that he would kill his father and marry his mother. This oracle comes true even though many people of the city of Thebes do not know that Oedipus is Jocasta and Liaus; son because they ordered their son to be put to death. People of Greek times do not attend church; they are told of their futures by prophets or by other family members. They do, however, also try to please the gods so that they are not punished. The Greek gods are thought to live above the Greek citizens on a mountain named Olympus. .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 , .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .postImageUrl , .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 , .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:hover , .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:visited , .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:active { border:0!important; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:active , .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0 .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u96fa50bdd8360ef07d4629fda46dcfb0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuremberg Trials (782 words) Essay Christianity was considered revolutionary by many. Revolutionary is defined as: ;having the nature of, characterized by, tending toward, and causing a revolution, or drastic change.;3 Christianity was a major change in beliefs causing many to think it was wrong. The evolution of Christianity was hampered by the beliefs of the people and their familiarity with the ways of the Greeks. This was such a giant change, many did not like it. Thus, although Christianity may seem similar to the concepts of the Greek gods it has many distinct differences. These differences explain why Christianity can be considered revolutionary. Category: History . The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay Bay Academy Class- 813 February 8, 2003 DBQ essay We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Topic: Tell about the actions of the colonists in the New York State before and during The Revolutionary War Essay. The Revolutionary war started in April 18, 1775. Someone had spotted the British crossing the Charles River trying to get to Concord. Paul Revere spread the word of the British arrival. The British are coming, when the Minutemen found out they were quick to prepare for an attack. The battle in Lexington and Concord was the beginning of the Revolutionary War. There were many causes of the Revolutionary War. One of the main causes was the Stamp Act and the Quartering Act. The stamp act made colonists pay taxes on items like newspapers, documents and playing cards because all these items had stamps. The Quartering Act asked for the colonists to give supplies food and a home for a few nights for the British soldiers. Many of the colonists didnt like these Acts. After the Stamp Act was passed the colonists began to make riots. Delegates from nine colonies met in New York City to prepare a statement. This statement claimed that the Parliament couldnt have these acts anymore because there were no representatives from other colonies in the British Parliament. Not all colonists from New York wanted to separate from Great Britain. There were two kids of people during the Revolutionary War. There were the loyalists and there were the Patriots. Those who did not want to support independence from Great Britain were called Loyalists because they were loyal to the king. Those who wanted independence were the Patriots. Samuel Seabury was an Anglican minister in New York. The British government is the best scheme of government, Mr. Seabury was a loyalist; he supported the government and its ideas. The Declaration of Independence was first read to George Washingtons army on July 9, 1776 in New York City. On the southern side of Manhattan there was a statue of King George III. When New York found out that Washington and his men had heard the big news they got really excited. The Declaration of Independence stated that the colonies would be free and independent. The colonists were so happy that they went to Bowling Green where the statue stood, they took the statue and made bullets out of it to fight the British. The Revolutionary War ended with an American victory. It was not just an American, but it was a patriotic victory. The U.S. was now an independent country. The British had surrendered to the Americans during the Battle of Yorktown. General Cornwallis was the leader of the British troops; he surrendered on October 19, 1781. . The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay Word Count: 677 was an enormous part of American history. The revolution in Russia, that sparked the overthrow of communism, was a huge part of Russian history. The revolution of Christianity from the concepts of Greek gods was also a large part of religious history. Christianity and Greek gods have many comparisons, contrasts, and these contrasts resulted in Christianity being revolutionary. The concepts of Christianity and the religious concepts of the Greek gods are comparatively alike. We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To begin, in both religions, humans believe that there are speakers for their God/gods. Gods do not speak to mere mortals. These people are the priests who teach of the gods ways and wants. Some are fortune tellers or prophets, as they were called in Greek times, that foretell the future. For example, Tiriesias, in the plays Oedipus the King and Antigone, was a blind prophet who could see the future and foretell it to people. In Greek times the prophets were of high social status. Also, the people believe that their God or gods are above all human ranks. They believe a god is above all and listens to people when they need help. This is why humans pray to the God/gods for forgiveness. The two religious views also believe that the God/gods are watching over their followers. The God/gods decide either before or after a persons life on earth where the person will live in the afterlife, depending on the persons values. Both believe one would either go to a bad place, called Hell or Hades, or a good place, called heaven or the Elysian Fields. Likewise both believe in an afterlife that is eternally chosen. The ideas of the followers of Christianity and Greek religions are also very different. To begin, Christians believe in one almighty God. This is also known as monotheism. Christians believe this God gave the world his only son. When that son was put to death by a human, He told the people He would die to forgive their sins. This shows that God and His son were both caring and forgiving beings. They are respected by the followers of Christianity. God helps humans. Humans pray to this God for help and forgiveness. People also go to church to learn about their religion and to pay their respects to God. The church is thought to be Gods house. This is why people get dressed up and try to look nice when they are guests in Gods house. God and Jesus are thought to live in heaven. Greeks, however, are very different from Christians. They believe in many gods. This is also known as polytheism. These gods are mean and torture the humans for doing wrong. In the play Antigone, the leader speaks, Must, King and quickly too. The gods, provoked, never wait to mow men down.1 This quote proves how quick tempered the gods are. These same gods destine a humans fate. Fate is also determined usually by a family curse. As in Antigone, the Greek tragedy, Antigone states, What more do you think could Zeus require of us to load the curse thats on the House of Oedipus?2 This quote shows how Zeus, a Greek god, has determined Antigones fate by the curse that has been placed on her family. A human;s fate is foretold and is kept by the oracles. Oedipus; oracle states that he would kill his father and marry his mother. This oracle comes true even though many people of the city of Thebes do not know that Oedipus is Jocasta and Liaus; son because they ordered their son to be put to death. People of Greek times do not attend church; they are told of their futures by prophets or by other family members. They do, however, also try to please the gods so that they are not punished. The Greek gods are thought to live above the Greek citizens on a mountain named Olympus. .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a , .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .postImageUrl , .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a , .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:hover , .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:visited , .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:active { border:0!important; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:active , .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1088404645cdc6a4aca6c4221ce7906a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dwight D Eisenhower Essay Christianity was considered revolutionary by many. Revolutionary is defined as: ;having the nature of, characterized by, tending toward, and causing a revolution, or drastic change.;3 Christianity was a major change in beliefs causing many to think it was wrong. The evolution of Christianity was hampered by the beliefs of the people and their familiarity with the ways of the Greeks. This was such a giant change, many did not like it. Thus, although Christianity may seem similar to the concepts of the Greek gods it has many distinct differences. These differences explain why Christianity can be considered revolutionary. . The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay Causes of The Revolutionary War Essay The haphazard and disorganized British rule of the American colonies in the decade prior to the outbreak led to the Revolutionary War. The mismanagement of the colonies, the taxation policies that violated the colonist rights, the distractions of foreign wars and politics in England and mercantilist policies that benefited the English to a much greater degree then the colonists all show the British incompetence in their rule over the colonies. The policies and distractions were some of the causes of the Revolutionary War. The interests of England within the colonies were self-centered. The English were trying to govern the colonies by using the mercantilist system. Mercantilism is when the state directs all the economic activities within its borders (Blum). England was not attempting to make any changes that would help the colonists. They limited the colonies commerce to internal trade only (Miller 9). The English were exploiting the colonies by demanding that the colonies import more from England then they exported to the colonies. They were importing raw materials from the colonies and making them into exportable goods in England. They would then ship these goods to foreign market all around the world including the colonists (America Online). We will write a custom essay on The Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout the seventeenth century the English saw America as a place to get materials they didnt have at home and a market to sell finished products after the goods had been manufactured. This was detrimental to the colonies because it prevented them from manufacturing any of the raw materials they produced, and made them more dependent upon England. In addition to the unrest caused by their mercantilist policies, domestic political issues distracted them from the activities of the colonies. Throughout the sixteen hundreds, Great Britain was more involved in solving the Constitutional issue of who was to have more power in English government, the king or parliament. When this complex issue was finally resolved in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, England turned its attention back to the colonies and found that colonists had developed their own identity as Americans. There was no central office in England to control what was happening in the colonies. The executive authority in England was divided among several ministers and commissioners that did not act quickly or in unison. Also, the Board of Trade, the body in England, did not have the power to make decisions or to enforce decrees. Due to the distractions from the complex constitutional issues and ineffective governmental organization, the colonists felt further separated from England (Blum 51). The political scene in England was laced with corruption. Officers of the government sent to the colonies were often bribe-taking politicians that were not smart enough to hold government positions in England. After Grenville and Townshend, the most incompetent was Lord North, who became Prime Minister in 1770 after the death of Charles Townshend. North was the kind of politician George had been looking for, a plodding, dogged, industrious man, neither a fool nor a genius, much like the king himself. For the next twelve years, despite the opposition of abler men, he remained at the head of the government (Blum 104). Corruption and incompetence among governing politicians often made their rule over the colonies ineffective. In the years leading up to the final decade before the American Revolution, the relationship between Great Britain and her colonies in North America continued to deteriorate. Relations began to worsen with the great victory over the French and Indians in the Seven Years War. Unwelcome British troops had remained in the colonies. .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b , .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .postImageUrl , .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b , .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:hover , .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:visited , .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:active { border:0!important; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:active , .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93085134cca673f8558f0db27fc69a1b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Russian Revolution Essay Debts from this war caused the Prime Minister at the time, Lord Grenville, to debt that had doubled since 1754 (Blum 95). England passed many Acts that were ill conceived and had long-term effects on the relationship between England and the colonies. The most controversial of these were direct taxes. The last time Parliament had tried a direct tax was as recent as 1765, when Lord Grenville enacted the Stamp Act which forced the colonists to pay or stamps on printed documents (Higginbotham 34). The Americans felt the taxes of Lord Grenville were a deliberate aim to disinherit the colonists by denying them the rights of the English (Blum 96). The first of these acts were .

English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Essay Example

English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Essay Example English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Paper English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Paper Essay Topic: Literature In The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, Jim sells his pocket watch to buy combs for Della, while Della sells her hair to buy Jim a chain for his pocket watch. This is an example of what literary element? irony People who dont know Harry tend to underestimate him. They cast a skeptical eye on his typical outfit: ragged jeans and shirts that bear evidence of his most recent meal. And his most frequently uttered expression, Waaaal, I just dont know, can make him sound less than bright. So, some enter a negotiating session with Harry relaxed and confident that their side will prevail and that Harry will gain no concessions for his group. That assumption is one that Harry cultivates, and it is a big, big mistake. indirect characterization In The Scarlet Ibis, why does the narrator rename his little brother Doodle? The little boy crawls backward like a doodle-bug. People who dont know Harry tend to underestimate him. They cast a skeptical eye on his typical outfit: ragged jeans and shirts that bear evidence of his most recent meal. And his most frequently uttered expression, Waaaal, I just dont know, can make him sound less than bright. So, some enter a negotiating session with Harry relaxed and confident that their side will prevail and that Harry will gain no concessions for his group. That assumption is one that Harry cultivates, and it is a big, big mistake. It Is NOT explanations and descriptions of the central problem Which of the following is the setting for The Invalids Story? a train from Cleveland to Wisconsin How would a character who is experiencing internal conflict feel? confused Who is Teofilo in The Man to Send Rain Clouds? an old Pueblo Indian who has died before the story opens If the main character in a story struggles against the subzero cold of the Arctic, what kind of conflict is taking place? external Which city is the setting for The Necklace? Paris Who is the invalid referred to in the storys title, The Invalids Story? the narrator In the story Old Man of the Temple by R. K. Narayan, what experience does the narrator have in the Taxi on his way to Kumbum? His driver becomes possessed by the spirit of an old man at the temple. At the beginning of the story, The Necklace, what is the cause of Madame Loisels constant unhappiness? her desire to be wealthy Which of the following most accurately identifies the usual length of a short story? It Is NOT 200 to 1,000 words Based on the introductory line from The Jade Peony by Wayson Choy, what is the point of view of this story? First Person Limited Two men glare at each other. Then, a tree falls and pins them both to the ground. What kind of conflict exists in both situations? external To which category of literature do short stories belong? fiction What is the setting of The Man to Send Rain Clouds? New Mexico In The Scarlet Ibis, what prompts the narrator to show Doodle the coffin? He has a cruel streak that surfaces occasionally. From The Invalids Story, what was causing the foul odor in the train car that caused the narrator and Thompson to flee into the cold? It Is NOT The narrators dead friend in the coffin From The Man To Send Rain Clouds by Leslie Marmon Silko, what do we learn about Leon and his family during the burial process for Teofilo? It Is NOT They allowed the priest to perform a Christian burial as a courtesy, but they were not Christians.

Business IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business IT - Essay Example This lowered entry barriers has led a flood of new entrant to enter into this online industry (the latest high profile entrant being Groupon.com). Secondly, the Internet widens the geographic market which implies a wider market but also, considering the low barriers to entry it means more competitors to contend with. With many competitors and the disintermediatory effect of the Internet, bargaining power shifts to both buyers and suppliers. Nevertheless, Amazon.com has been able to propel itself to market leadership through the development and adherence to a strong strategic positioning. This is manifested through its customer value proposition, distinctive value chain and continuity of direction. Amazon.com has relentlessly focused on providing its customers a strong value proposition that is characterized by convenience, low prices and an extensive selection of merchandise. This competitive advantage has been achieved through heavy investment in information technology (IT) and a di stinct value chain. Amazon’s IT has empowered it to support its â€Å"Culture of Metrics† which has enabled it to profile its consumers and thus customize their pages and offer suggestions on what to purchase when they go back online via Amazon’s web portal.

Art Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Gallery - Essay Example I was particularly impressed by his sculptures His sculptures are fascinating as they are made either from exotic wood or an assortment or stone pieces. The use of oxidized paint gives it a metallic copper finish as though the sculpture was done by an tribe in Africa or it came from an ancient people from an Aztec pyramid. The carving is done in such a way that the viewer sees what he want. There is a combination of modern with ancient. The chosen piece "Shrine" was displayed as a major piece in a the corner of one of the rooms. The lighting was excellent so as to show the effect of the oxidized finish. combines modern with ancient. I have to note that I did not mark the year it was done and I could not find it on internet. The cross on the top of the piece show his technique as a modern graphic designer. It is pretty and really gives no other indication until you start to think of the symbolism of the piece. As you take your eyes and start looking down you see the cross as a means of joining two pieces of wood or two people. It is quite common in both African and local culture in Latin American culture to have two people joined together in wood in the form of a statue. His technique is modern as the viewer needs to look awhile as to see the purpose of the Shrine. It is a shrine to the couple. It is a shrine to man and woman. There is no differentiation to the man and the woman. This is also another modern technique. Is the cross a protection of God? This is just an idea. The use of oxidization shows that the unification of man and wife is an ancient custom and will continue to last. This piece can be interpreted as just a piece of wood with a pretty form. In any other context it would have been interesting to take different statutes from different cultures to compare the same subject, then the viewer would have seen the meaning given to the Shrine. I chose this piece because it took work to figure out

Feasibility Study on schweppes Australia taking PASSIONA to Hong Kong Essay

Feasibility Study on schweppes Australia taking PASSIONA to Hong Kong - Essay Example The making of the passion fruit cordial by Spencer Cottee was motivated by the fact that he needed something to do with the passion fruits that had been in excess supply to himii. The cordial that was produced by Spencer Cottee was then sold off to a different party. Because of the limitation of resources to him by then, Spencer Cottee could not do anything else that was productive with the cordial that he had extracted from the passion fruits. He was therefore forced to sell the cordial to Lismore family’s company. The company which was referred to as William Bryant & Sons by then was the main recipient of the raw form of passion juice that was directly from Spencer Cottee’s level of productioniii. It was now at this point in place that the William Bryant & Sons company really created more utility for the cordial that they purchased from Spencer Cottee (Hendry 79). At this point of production, the cordial mixture was simply carbonated so as to have the taste sensation that has lived to be celebrated to date in the name of ‘Passiona’iv. The sift drink which is passion flavored is currently only available in the mother country of its production which is in Australia. Passiona is proudly manufactured by Schweppes Australia, a company which is also located in Australia. ... Also in the past history, the trademark ‘Passiona’ had been already been used by Geo. Hall & Sons manufactures who also existed in Norwood which is found in the South Australiavi. Corporate Vision, Mission Statement and Corporate Goals of the Company The corporate vision of the company which is to provide consistently the best quality of passiona juice to the faithful customers has been very much effective in ensuring that the company remains consistent in its production. Despite the fact that very many companies have come up with the production technologies and products in the market, passiona juice still remains a favorite to the many customers of soft drinks in Australia (Simmons 58). This is due to the fact that despite the changing times and advancements in technology, Passiona production still remains to be highly customer orientedvii. The effectiveness of passiona in the market has been backed by the fact that the mission statement of the company is very supportiv e of the company’s vision. The company that has been recorded and recognized for their impressive record of performance and accountability has had a very positive relationship with the work force it employs (Orsborn 140). As a matter of fact, it has been argued that the very impressive human resource management that has been displayed by the passiona company could be heavily the factor that is influencing the company into such high and consistent levels of success in the local market in Australiaviii. The mission statement that the company operates from is â€Å"..commitment to providing not only a productive but also a positive working workplace where the ideas of the human resource are not only contributed

Static Channel Versus Dynamic Channel Allocation Systems Computer Science Essay

Static Channel Versus Dynamic Channel Allocation Systems Computer Science Essay Abstract- Channel Allocation Schemes have always held a vital role in achieving better performance of wireless networks. This paper has studied the comparison between two of the most known techniques of channel allocation namely: Static Channel Allocation and Dynamic Channel Allocation. The comparison is made over two types of networks single radio network, in which each of wireless node is equipped with only one radio interface, and multi radio network, in which each of the node is equipped with at least two transceivers. This paper presents the detail survey of all the existing comparison made between these two schemes. Keywords- Channel Allocation Scheme, Dynamic Channel Allocation, Static Channel Allocation, Single radio network, Multi-radio network Introduction Growth in the customers of the wireless networks, let it be cellular systems or any other Wireless network, has amplified the need to have the networks which can have more capacity and accommodate more and more users. Enlargement of wireless market has made capacity of the wireless network a scarce resource. Methods to improve effective capacity utilization of the wireless network are under consideration and in [4], it is realized that these methods involve source coding schemes, power control, better modulation schemes, improved antennas. Other then these methods capacity of wireless system can be improved by installing more bas stations i.e increasing number of transmitting equipment or improving hardware equipment of current system. Using better channel allocation schemes is also one of the methods to improve capacity utilization of wireless network. The aim of this paper is to focus on channel allocation schemes. These channel allocation schemes are not much of importance in the wired networks because their topology is stable and they do not offer any mobility to the users/nodes. But in the wireless networks, channel allocation of key importance. The vital role of the wireless networks is that they offer mobility to users hence, the channel allocation algorithm has to assign channels to ports and portables so that best trade-off between the quality of service and system performance is maintained [3]. A given spectrum of frequency, can be divided into several independent sets, these independent sets are completely disjoint with each other. Hence even if they are used simultaneously, they will not interfere with each other. So splitting the frequency spectrum into independent channels and then using all the channels for communication simultaneously present improvement in the capacity utilization [6]. The channel allocation strategy is considered to be the core of mobile networks because it not only affects the quality and the availability of the channels to the user but changes the distribution of the traffic and hence, overall shapes the capacity of the network [3]. Two of the most common channel allocation schemes are considered in this paper namely, FCA- Fixed Channel Assignment or Fixed Channel Allocation and DCA- Dynamic Channel Allocation. Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA) Fixed Channel Allocation is also known as Static Channel Allocation. It is known as Fixed or Static because once the channel is allocated to a port or a user it does not change for the entire course of operation. It is used in all TDMA/FDMA digital cellular mobile networks [5] as number of frequency carriers in each cell stays fixed and does not depend on traffic load. It is a time insensitive solution, as with the passage of time allocation of the channels to nodes does not change. Although in real-time, traffic load in a cell varies, there are peak hours when the traffic load reaches to almost 100% and then there are quiet hours in a cell when traffic load is very low. This limitation dispirits the use of the FCA. But if a static condition is considered there is most likely a chance to get good performance with this channel allocation algorithm [3]. In a cellular system based on the FCA, channels are partitioned among the cells permanently so that if all the cells use all the channels assigned to them simultaneously, there will be no interference [1]. Figure cell pattern for Static Channel Allocation with N = 7 With more complex systems other channel strategies can achieve higher efficiency but they require processors with more memory. But it is an essential sacrifice to make as in [4] it is discussed that in each cell there are no static conditions, space traffic imbalance varies from 10% to 70%, and this imbalance in the traffic depends on the size of the cell or service area and type of the environment, whether its urban, suburban or rural area [4]. Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) In DCA, frequency channels are not fixed for any node or user. Depending upon knowledge of the environment, channels are assigned to the user. The distribution of the frequency carriers in a cell depends upon distribution of the users/nodes in the cell and also on offered traffic load. DCA is currently supported by the GSM [5]. In Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme all the channels which are available for a system, are kept in a queue or a spool. These channels are allocated to any cell temporarily. The only constraint is to fulfil the distance criteria, so that interference can be minimized [2]. The existing schemes for the Dynamic Channel Allocation can be categorized into three main types: IA-DCA (Interference Adaptive Dynamic Channel Allocation), LA-DCA (Location Adaptive Dynamic Channel Allocation) and TA-DCA (Traffic Adaptive Dynamic Channel Allocation), these schemes are based on the type of network dynamics they consider while making decision [4]. All DCA schemes basically evaluate the cost of using each available channel and opts the channel which introduces lowest cost [2]. For most accurate and good decision for channel allocation, the algorithm should have accurate knowledge of the environment [3]. The main algorithms which are considered under the study of Dynamic Channel Allocation are: DCET, Bellcore and Segregation DCA [3]. In DCET and Bellcore DCA algorithms, the decision of channel allocation is based on only single measurement of channel dynamics, while in the Segregation DCA, a radio interface acquires the channel depending upon its learning through past experience of channel usage. With the past knowledge, channel which has highest probability of success is chosen for operation. Although this algorithm requires processors with memory yet as decision is more meaningful so its performance is better than the DCET and Bellcore DCA algorithms [3]. In figure 2, in [7] results of performance of different type of DCA schemes are compared. Figure Performance of Different DCA methods Section II of the paper compares both of the channel allocation schemes in a single radio network and Section III shares the comparison done of channel allocation schemes in multi-radio network. Section IV shares the identified regions in which future work can be done and Section V concludes the paper. Comparison of DCA and FCA in Single Radio Network A single radio network a network in which all of the nodes of the wireless network consist of maximum of one radio interface and this single radio interface is used for the communication purposes. In this section the comparison of the DCA and FCA in single radio network is presented. Figure Algorithms for Dynamic Channel Allocation In a given cell, if a node requests a call, it will be served only and only if the cell has an unused channel available, which fulfils the reuse criteria, otherwise the call will be blocked [1]. Such is the case with Static Channel Allocation Scheme. But this is not the case with the Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes, as for each of the call that is to be served; channel is taken from the overall pool that holds all the channels available for wireless system. In any channel allocation strategy, main aim is to find the best possible way to reuse the channels to maximize the systems capacity, while keeping interference in the system at minimum and provide quality of service to the user [4]. From another view, for allocating channel, the objective is taken as to allocate the channel to a call so that number of blocked calls is minimized and the number of dropped calls is also minimized. In the end, the channel allocation scheme finds the best trade-off between these two objectives because generally priority is given to minimize the number of dropped calls, as having a call dropped is more undesirable then not having the call connected at all [1]. Both schemes for channel allocation FCA and DCA are compared under the assumption that the call arrival distribution is Poisson [5]. For the purpose of modelling in FCA it is considered that there are z numbers of channels per frequency carrier and y is the number of control channels. In a given cell i, let total number of frequency carrier be Ci and the total number of channels in the cell, which will be used to serve a call will be ci. The expression for ci is given as: (1) While this will not be the case for DCA, as frequency carriers are not permanently assigned to any of the cell. As the channel assignment depends on environment so, if we take n as the number of active calls in any cell, then frequency carriers allocated to that cell will be: (2) Total number of channels required, for any cell should be equal to the number of active calls and the control channels. But the number of frequency carriers which has z number of channels each should be either more or equal than actually required [5]. In equation (2), shows that value is always taken equal or greater than a [5]. For the first simulation, the arrival rate of the calls is set at the overload value; this means that the overload period is considered where the numbers of calls initiated per minute are more than the actual capacity of the system. The observation made over here is that, under heavy traffic load, efficiency of the network or the channel utilization and capacity of the network does not improve by using DCA instead of FCA. Although it was considered as the fact that DCA will always perform better than FCA. Figure Effect of the handover on FCA and DCA In figure 4, the phenomenon observed is known as phenomenon of low capacity island [5]. Under heavy load, no benefit is achieved by using DCA, as in such a scenario both of the schemes will be utilizing capacity to the full extent. Rather DCA may perform worse than FCA. The reason is that due to dynamic channel allocation, a cell may borrow some of the frequency channels form the neighbouring cells during the low traffic period and the neighbouring cell does not get the channel back. The cell which has obtained the channel is let us say known as the lucky cell, and the cell which donated the channel and in the end, was unable to get it back is known as unlucky cell [5]. Now during the high load traffic period, if lucky cell wants to handover the call to a neighbouring unlucky cell. But as the unlucky cell would already be out of available channels to be able to serve the call, call will be dropped. Hence under such a scenario the drop out probability of dynamic channel allocation sch eme would be higher than static channel allocation algorithm. Other simulation is to find out the effect of the arrival rate on call blocking probability. Arrival rate is the number of calls initiated per minute. Through simulation, it is concluded that DCA performed better if the traffic load is within the range 0.6 to 0.9 Erlang/BS/Channel. (figure 5) Figure Analysis of DCA and FCA, call blocking ratio with respect to the arrival rate of the calls During the next case it was considered that arrival rate is Poisson and the other parameters like handover rate and call holding time etc are evenly distributed all over the cell. From the figure 6 it is clear that as probability of call blocking increases with the increase in the arrival rate of calls. Which is fairly obvious, more are the number of the users which are to be served, there is more likely a chance that some of them may not be able to get a free channel. Figure Performance analysis of FCA and DCA, Arrival rate of calls with respect to the over all blocking probability Under such consideration as can be observed from the figure 6, DCA performs better than FCA, as in case of congestion in a cell, DCA can borrow channels from the neighbouring cells but in case of FCA, the scheme has no option but to reject the oncoming calls in case of congestion. Figure 7 shows the amount of traffic carried by FCA and DCA according to the traffic load. Figure comparison between FCA and DCA with respect to the carried traffic under the traffic load Figure 8 shows the performance of the channel allocation schemes when traffic imbalance is considered. It is observed that network capacity to carry data, in case of FCA, reduces significantly when data imbalance is considered. But in case of DCA, there is no significant degradation in networks capacity to carry the data. There is also significant increase in the number of calls blocked by FCA, because of the increase in the traffic imbalance. But as the carried capacity does not decrease much in case of the DCA, there is not much of the increment in number of the blocked calls. Figure FCA Vs. DCA, effect of the traffic imbalance on the both channel allocation techniques Comparison of DCA and FCA in Multi Radio Network A multi radio network is the type of the network where each node is equipped with at least two or more than two transceivers. Fixed Channel Allocation in Multi-radio network It is pointed out in [14], throughput and overall performance of wireless networks decreases with increased density of radios, but major reason for this problem is that these radios do not transmit the data simultaneously as the nodes are generally configured with single radios only and this factor basically limits the forwarding capacity of the network. In [15], the authors have emphasized that with the introduction of more than one NIC (Network interface cards) in wireless networks, performance of the system can be improved 6 to 7 times, instead of just doubling the performance. The same phenomenon has been confirmed in [16]. There has been much work done, in which the performance gain in wireless mesh networks with multiple interfaces is discussed as compared to single radio interface network. In [13], capacity gain between single radio, dual radio and multi-radio wireless mesh networks is compared and realistically the gain achieved by having multiple radio interfaces in the network has been discussed. Apart from that, in [17], authors have proposed that with implementation of multi-radio Diversity approximately 2.3 times performance gain is measured in the single radio network. Under the multi-radio scenario, one important factor is to consider proper channel assignment. Each of the radios should be tuned to a frequency through which the throughput of the whole network is maximized. The introduction of multiple radios is not without the trade off of increased complexity of channel assignment schemes and the traffic allocation methods [20] and apart from that, more work is done in this domain. In [10], [8], [19], the authors have proposed some approaches to get maximum possible throughput by different channel assignment algorithms. The concept of the Static Channel Allocation in this section is extended to Wireless Mesh Networks, as before the start of the operation in the wireless mesh networks the channels are properly allocated and then till the end of the operation, the channel assignment does not change. In this section, multi-radio wireless mesh network is considered and it is observed that how by having multiple radio interfaces the performance of the network improves. Figure Performance of the FCA algorithms with 3 channels Figure 9 shows the impact of the different algorithms for the channel allocation in the three channel scheme [8]. Figure performance of the FCA algorithms with 12 channels Figure 10 shows the impact of the different algorithms for the channel allocation in the twelve channel scheme [8]. Figure 11 shows that with different channel allocation algorithms, how the increment in number of interfaces per node impacts the performance of network. In all algorithms it is observed that with the increase in number of radio interfaces per node, throughput of wireless networks improves [9]. Figure FCA algorithm comparison with different number of radio interfaces per node Figure effect of increased number of interfaces per node on the over all normalized broadcast latency In figure 12, it is shown that with different channel allocation schemes for multi-interface wireless mesh network, normalized latency for broadcast decreases with the increase in number of radio interfaces per node [9]. In figure 13, it is simulated that with the increase in the number of interfaces per node, there is not an unlimited increment in capacity utilization. Multi radios are used so that in a network there could be as many concurrent transmissions as possible. But even this has a limit to it. In [10], it is shown that after achieving the maximum level of capacity utilization, even after by adding more number of radio interfaces in a network, no advantage is gained. Figure capacity degradation with increase in the number of radio interfaces per node Figure Effect of the number of channels and multiple radio interfaces on the throughput In figure 14, it is shown that as long as the number of the available channels in a cell; are more than the number of interfaces per node, with increase in number of radios per node, throughput of the network will increase [11]. Figure throughput increment of a network by increased number of the interfaces per node In figure 15, it is shown that under a proper channel assignment and routing method, with more number of interfaces per node, the throughput of the system improves considerably [12]. In [13], as shown in figure 16 and 17, performance of fixed channel allocation scheme is compared in detail with respect to single radio network and the multi-radio network. Figure overall network capacity increment with more number of radio interfaces present at each node In figure 16, it is proved that the capacity of the overall system improves with the usage of multiple radios per node. Figure capacity of each AP with multiple interfaces per node Comparison between single radio to the multiple radios In figure 17, per Access Point capacity is simulated to have comparison between multi-radio interface per node and single radio interface per node. Dynamic Channel Allocation in Multi-radio Network: There has been little work which proves the introduction of multiple interfaces while using the Dynamic Channel Allocation provides any performance up-gradation. Analytically it is assumed that, as the introduction of multi-interfaces in wireless mesh networks improves performance, similarly the performance of networks using Dynamic Channel Allocation can be improved by introducing more than one interface on a single node. Some of the analysed parameters, which show the relative improvement in performance, are listed below: Parameter I: Improvement in the throughput of the system: In a single radio cognitive network, as shown in figure 18, the node D has two data packets of equal size in its internal queue, one for node C and one for node. Nodes E and C are at the equal distance d from the node D but are tuned at different channels. In this particular case each packet will take time t to reach the destination. Even if we neglect the switching time, cognitive radio present at D will take to switch from one channel to the other channel, the time taken to completely transmit both of the packets will be t+t = 2t. Figure Single Radio Network Now even if the same network topology is considered but now consider that each of the nodes is equipped with two interfaces (figure 19). Node D will be able to transmit both of the packets simultaneously to node C and node E, considering that interface 1 is tuned to the channel on which communication with node E is possible and interface 2 is tuned to the frequency over which communication with node C is possible. In this case there will be no delay caused by the switching of the channel. Figure Multi-interface radio network Figure Effect of channel switching Conclusion: The transmission time is decreased with the factor of N, where N is the number of interface each of the node will have. Throughput is improved with the factor of N. Parameter II: Latency of the network will decrease: With the introduction of the multiple interfaces in the cognitive radio network, latency of the network will decrease. Figure Multi-hop Single interface Wireless Network Initially considering the multi-hop scenario, considering an intermediate node, it has to receive an incoming transmission on channel 1 and then it has to tune its radio to the channel 2 to be able transmit the received transmission to the destination node. Latency of such network will consist of: Transmitting time of packet over channel 1 from source node to intermediate node: t1 Transmitting time of packet over channel 2 from intermediate node to destination node: t2 Switching time required for the interface on intermediate node to switch from channel 1 to channel 2: t3 Hence the total latency of such a system will be: t1+ t2+ t3 Figure Multi-hop Multi interface Wireless Network Now comparing the previous scenario with the one in which each of the node is equipped with at least two interfaces. Now on the intermediate node interface 1 will be tuned to channel 1 and interface 2 will be tuned to channel 2. If there is an incoming transmission on channel 1 and it is to be transmitted to the channel 2, the total latency will be: Transmitting time of packet over channel 1 from source node to intermediate node: t1 Transmitting time of packet over channel 2 from intermediate node to destination node: t2 Hence the total latency of such a system will be: t1+ t2 The switching time will not be considered over here; hence comparatively the latency is decreased with the introduction of another interface on the cognitive radio node. Conclusion: The latency factor is dependent on switching time of the cognitive radio. This factor comes into effect with more dominance with increase in the number of hops in the multi-hop network. Latency can be greatly reduced with the introduction of multi interfaces on the cognitive radio network. Parameter III: Connectivity of the network will improve: The probability of isolation of any node in a network will be reduced with the introduction of the multi-interfaces in the cognitive radio network. Figure Single interface node with the available channels Considering the scenario, in figure 23, where a secondary network has four channels available for its utilization, now for a given condition, all radio interfaces are tuned to either one of the channel 1, 2 or 3. If a single interface chooses channel 4, it will be isolated from the rest of the network. Assuming that the probability of opting for such a channel is p then the overall probability of getting a node isolated from the rest of the network will be p. Figure Multi-Interface node with the available channels Now for multiple interfaces, a node will only be separated if both the interfaces of a single node choose channel 4. A node will be isolated if and only if: Interface 1 chooses channel 4 AND interface 2 chooses channel 4 P2 As according to the probability rules p Conclusion: The probability of isolating a node, is decreased with the factor of N [N is the number of radios] as compared to the probability of node isolation in case of single interface cognitive radio networks. Here mutual independence among the DCA algorithms running on both of the radio interfaces is considered, but this is not generally the case. The performance of a cognitive radio network is strictly dependent on the number of cognitive radios present in its vicinity [21]. Figure Improvement in throughput using multiple radios Figure Improvement in throughput of the network with multiple radio using different number of available channels Figure 25 and 26 shows the throughput improvement gained by the introduction of multiple radios as compared to a single radio and in both of the figures different number of available channels are considered [24]. Comparison: Up till so far, none of the research has been carried out to find out whether any advantage is gained by deploying Dynamic Channel Allocation scheme in the multi-radio wireless network domain as compared to the implementation of the Fixed Channel Assignment algorithm. Considering the study made regarding the performance improvement gained by fixed channel allocation scheme and dynamic channel allocation scheme in multi-radio wireless network, there could be several hypotheses made. The complexity of implementation of Dynamic Channel Allocation algorithm will be more than that of Fixed Channel Allocation algorithm. Although the same is true in case of single radio network, but in case of the Multi-radio network, the complexity increment will be more significant. The reason can be taken as if the spectrum view of a single interface of a node changes in multi-radio network, for the similar node the situation changes for the other interfaces as well [21]. The performance improvement obtained by implementation of the Dynamic Channel Allocation algorithm as compared to the Fixed Channel Allocation in the multi-radio will have similar effects as it has in the Single radio network. The same effect on the throughput of the system, data carrying capacity and the effect of the traffic load and traffic imbalance will be observed. Another important factor that can be predicted because of the observation made via simulation figures is as the performance of the wireless network depends upon the density of the nodes in a network. As compared to the Fixed Channel Allocation Scheme, Dynamic Channel Allocation Algorithms will be more sensitive to the density of the network [23]. There will be no matter of connectivity in case the Fixed Channel Assignment Scheme is deployed on the wireless network. As before the point of operation with FCA, it is made sure that all of the nodes are connected and none of the node is left isolated. With the Dynamic Channel Allocation there will still be a small probability that a node can get isolated from the rest of the network. In the Fixed Channel Allocation for the multi-radio wireless network the distribution of radio interfaces do not matter for the performance. But in case of the DCA, better performance can be improved if radio interface distribution on the nodes is not uniform. DCA will perform better if the first hop nodes have more number of radio interfaces than rest of the network nodes [22]. Future Work The points raised, during this study are just concluded through observation and analytically studying the response of the Fixed Channel Allocation Algorithm in the Multi-Radio network and Dynamic Channel Allocation Algorithm in Multi-Radio Network. These observations can be further improved by using proper simulating tools. Conclusion In the single radio wireless network, DCA exhibits better performance than FCA. The same behaviour is predicted for the multi-radio wireless network, but with the increased complexity. And much better performance can be achieved by taking care of the distribution of the radios in the network. Still it should be considered that there will not be infinite performance gain obtained by using multi-radio network and DCA. The limitation imposed is that number of channels available to a cell should always be greater than the number of interfaces per node has.